11 December 2023 11:56 am

How AI physics has the potential to revolutionise product design

Jun 27, 2023

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How AI physics has the potential to revolutionise product design

This article was published by the World Economic Forum on 26 June 2023.
It is part of the Annual Meeting of the New Champions.
Joris Poort, Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Rescale

  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT have become mainstream, but the use of AI in the product design process is less widely known.
  • Engineering and scientific computing are harnessing AI to define a new era of innovation across industries.
  • Computer simulations are increasingly using AI to understand how different product designs will perform.

 

The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on digital services is quickly becoming apparent. Tools like ChatGPT, Bard, and GitHub Copilot are transforming how we work and live.

What is less known is the potential for AI to revolutionise the basic nature of research, engineering, and physical product design.

Engineering and scientific computing is now the foundation of innovation. These methods often require massive computing power from supercomputing clusters (also known as high-performance computing or HPC) to run detailed simulation models that replicate the real world.

Across industries, research and development (R&D) teams use digital simulations to explore the physical world effectively. Use cases vary from inventing life-saving medicine, improving aircraft design and pioneering sustainable energy to creating self-driving vehicles, and refining manufacturing processes, among many other possibilities.

Now, AI offers the potential to supercharge engineering and scientific computing and transform how organizations innovate.

Making R&D more efficient

The computer simulations used today for engineering and scientific computing are increasingly benefiting with additional assistance from AI (and in some cases replaced by AI), dramatically lowering costs and helping engineers find the best answers faster.

Running simulations can be expensive, often requiring supercomputers to crunch massive data sets and execute highly complex calculations. But if you can build a machine learning (ML) model on how the physics works, you don’t need to run simulations every time since your ML inference model can extrapolate the answer from the data.

This means you get the answers on how a particular design will perform faster and cheaper. Over the long term, machine learning, physics-informed neural networks, and other AI-based tools will become standard tools for all engineers and scientists to maximize productivity within R&D development.

The era of AI-assisted engineering

Organizations that become adept at creating well-crafted AI-physics models will gain a solid competitive advantage. Such capabilities will help them establish a fundamental physics understanding of how different product designs will perform in real life. This has huge implications for how organizations retain knowledge in their research and product development.

AI-physics models can capture best practices knowledge about how physical objects behave – information that traditionally has been in the head of an expert, such as a scientist, engineer, or designer.

An aircraft engineer, for example, has accumulated knowledge about the best design approaches for the shape of wings, which then informs their choices regarding the types of design options they explore with digital simulations.

But that kind of information can now be captured with AI, which can then come up with a shortlist of design suggestions that engineers can then further explore with digital simulations.

Critically, suppose a company can create an ML model of best practices for wing designs (by training the AI tool on its body of knowledge about airplane wings). In that case, it can retain that expertise, regardless of if an engineer leaves the company.

This also brings far greater agility to an organization. If a company wants to build a new kind of plane that is more stable in high winds, an ML application can quickly generate the best options for the shape of the wings, helping the organization rapidly spin up new prototypes to enter new markets.

AI will physically shape our world

Given AI’s ability to help us understand the physical world, we are likely to see new shapes in all types of products, from buildings and aircraft to furniture and automobiles. Such innovations are being driven by another variant of AI: generative design.

Generative design works much like generative AI for writing text. By providing some basic guidance (prompts) about what you are trying to design, generative design tools will output many possible options, some of which you would not have thought up on your own.

By letting the software decide the design based on your performance objectives, some fascinating possibilities can result. Generative design, for example, is creating prototypes with a very biological look.

Generative AI for product design evolution and optimization example of a load-bearing bracket. Source: Rescale.

Navigating the AI transition for science and engineering

Organizations that embrace AI will accelerate engineering and scientific discovery while developing innovative new solutions that would be computationally prohibitive using traditional approaches.

Despite the promise of AI, organizations across industries will need to establish engineering and research best practices to help ensure they navigate this transition safely to maximize the benefits to society without needless risk.

Most importantly, AI is only as good as the information it trains on. Organizations will still need to do much work to provide the essential information to make the AI tool smart in the right ways.

Also, legal issues for AI are still very much undefined. Organizations must carefully review the outputs of AI to ensure accuracy, as well as watching for any ethical red flags.

Security is also another important consideration to make sure AI practices don’t accidentally expose intellectual property or proprietary information.

Certainly, guardrails for how organizations use AI are essential as we work through the early days of this new technology. But with some thoughtful measures in place, AI can safely open up all new possibilities for research and development, helping organizations move faster, become more agile, and discover better ways to invent the future.

Supporting the adoption of AI physics will help us make better products faster, accelerate the R&D innovation process, and explore the boundaries of knowledge to develop new engineering breakthroughs and scientific discoveries.

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Exploring the Intersection of AI and Sustainable Architecture

Jun 19, 2023

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The image above is for illustration and credit to GettyImages.

AI and the Built Environment: The Next Generation of Design Solutions

Exploring the Intersection of AI and Sustainable Architecture

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been making waves in various industries, and it’s no surprise that it’s now finding its way into the world of architecture and design. As we strive to create more sustainable and efficient buildings, AI has the potential to revolutionize the way we approach the built environment. By exploring the intersection of AI and sustainable architecture, we can unlock the next generation of design solutions that will help shape the future of our cities and communities.

One of the most significant ways AI can contribute to sustainable architecture is through the optimization of building design. Traditionally, architects and engineers have relied on their experience and intuition to create energy-efficient buildings. However, AI algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data and consider numerous design variables to identify the most sustainable and cost-effective solutions. This data-driven approach can lead to more innovative designs that minimize energy consumption, reduce waste, and lower the overall environmental impact of buildings.

For example, AI can be used to optimize the orientation, shape, and size of a building to maximize natural light and minimize heat gain. This can result in a more comfortable indoor environment while reducing the need for artificial lighting and air conditioning. Similarly, AI can help architects select the most appropriate materials and construction techniques to improve a building’s thermal performance and reduce its carbon footprint.

Another area where AI can make a significant impact is in the design of urban environments. As cities continue to grow and urban populations increase, there is a pressing need to create more sustainable and livable urban spaces. AI can be used to analyze complex urban systems and identify the most effective strategies for improving air quality, reducing traffic congestion, and promoting walkability and public transportation. By using AI to inform urban planning decisions, we can create more sustainable and resilient cities that are better equipped to face the challenges of the future.

In addition to optimizing design, AI can also play a crucial role in the ongoing management and maintenance of buildings. By integrating AI with building management systems, it’s possible to monitor and analyze the performance of a building in real-time. This can help identify inefficiencies and potential issues before they become significant problems, allowing for more proactive maintenance and reducing the overall environmental impact of a building throughout its lifecycle.

Furthermore, AI can be used to create more responsive and adaptive buildings that can adjust to changing conditions and occupant needs. For instance, AI-powered systems can learn from occupants’ behavior and preferences to optimize lighting, heating, and cooling, resulting in a more comfortable and energy-efficient environment. This level of personalization can not only improve the overall user experience but also contribute to greater sustainability by reducing energy waste.

As we continue to explore the intersection of AI and sustainable architecture, it’s essential to consider the ethical implications of these emerging technologies. While AI has the potential to revolutionize the built environment, it’s crucial to ensure that these advancements are used responsibly and equitably. This includes addressing issues related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential displacement of human workers in the design and construction process.

In conclusion, AI offers a wealth of opportunities for creating more sustainable and efficient buildings and urban environments. By harnessing the power of AI, architects, engineers, and urban planners can develop innovative design solutions that minimize environmental impact, improve building performance, and enhance the overall quality of life for occupants. As we continue to explore the intersection of AI and sustainable architecture, we can look forward to a future where our built environment is smarter, more resilient, and more sustainable than ever before.

 

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Accelerating low-carbon building design & development

Jun 15, 2023

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Accelerating low-carbon building design & development is the leitmotiv of American design practice as envisaged by SOM.  This article on and by Sustainability elaborates on how this is attained.

The image above is for illustration and is featured in SOM Proposing A Design For A Building That Absorbs Carbon Throughout Its Life Cycle.

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SOM: Accelerating low-carbon building design & development

By Lucy Buchholz
June 14, 2023
Billie Jean King Main Library, completed in California in 2019, Credit: Benny Chan
Billie Jean King Main Library, completed in California in 2019, Credit: Benny Chan
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) launches the Whole Life Carbon Accounting service to help accelerate low-carbon building design & development

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Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), a worldwide alliance of architects, designers, engineers and planners, has introduced a new service aimed at accelerating the implementation of low-carbon and net-zero buildings.

The initiative, named Whole Life Carbon Accounting, is a system used to assess and measure the operational and embodied carbon emissions of a building throughout its entire lifespan.

When the system is incorporated during the design phase, it offers a precise picture of the proposed building’s carbon footprint, enabling investors, property owners and developers to make well-informed decisions. By evaluating a building’s performance after completion, the service enables owners to monitor progress and achieve their long-term sustainability goals.

“The greatest opportunity to work towards a more sustainable future is to invest in new climate action measures,” said Kent Jackson, SOM Design Partner. “We are proud to extend our long and proven history of working with public bodies, property owners and developers to help lead the way for a low-carbon built environment. We look forward to bringing our skills and expertise to bear on the critical issue of a reduced carbon future.”

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The shift towards whole-life carbon

Accounting for approximately 40% of carbon emissions worldwide, the built environment has long prioritised the reduction of operational energy and its carbon emissions. However, there has been a significant shift in focus towards whole-life carbon, changing the way buildings are designed, constructed and renovated.

Embodied carbon – the carbon impact associated with a building’s initial construction – cannot be rectified later, whereas operational energy and associated carbon emissions can be improved to a certain extent once a building is in use.

“The built environment urgently needs new approaches to performing carbon assessments. Innovation is driven by a diversity of ideas and voices,” says Mina Hasman, SOM Sustainability Director. “Evidence shows that as a project develops and design strategies evolve, the gaps between traditional assessments and a building’s true performance can lead to a performance gap of up to five times more energy use and/or carbon emissions between predicted and actual values.

“Our service puts an end to this. As regulators and investors evaluate new and existing assets more closely, we provide clients with practical strategies to help inform their investment, development and management activities.”

Applying SOM’s interdisciplinary approach, the firm’s sustainability team analyse and measure operational and embodied carbon emissions across every stage of a project. Clients can therefore gain an understanding of a building’s true carbon impact and the ability to translate carbon targets into measurable performance outcomes.

Carbon assessments are typically performed at the end of design stages by different parties and to different standards. This can result in isolated calculations which are not comparable and cannot effectively illustrate a building’s accurate performance.

The gaps between the projected performance of a design and actual building performance widen as projects develop and designs evolve. Consequently, calculations can constitute as little as 20% of actual carbon emissions. This can affect a building’s value and viability in the long term.

SOM Whole Life Carbon Accounting

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The LEED Platinum Billie Jean King Main Library

The holistic approach has led to internationally-acclaimed projects, including the LEED Platinum Billie Jean King Main Library, completed in California in 2019.

The building is one of few in the region that features a lightweight timber structural system, to build the library atop an existing underground concrete parking garage. It was also named 2021 Project of the Year by the US Green Building Council and was the winner of the Metropolis Magazine Planet Positive award.

Additionally, SOM achieved a remarkable 61% reduction in embodied carbon compared to a typical concrete building, by preserving most of the original concrete structure.

SOM’s Whole Life Carbon Accounting has resulted in the internationally acclaimed Billie Jean King Main Library, Credit, Benny Chan

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About SOM

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) is a global practice of architects, designers, engineers, and planners, responsible for some of the world’s most technically and environmentally advanced buildings and significant public spaces.

From a strategic regional plan to a single piece of furniture, SOM’s designs anticipate change in how we live, work and communicate, and have brought lasting value to communities worldwide.

The firm’s approach is highly collaborative, and its interdisciplinary team is engaged in a wide range of international projects, with creative studios based across the globe. SOM is a net zero emissions business.

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Why Architectural Design is Most important in construction?

May 22, 2023

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Why Architectural Design is Most important in the construction industry? Wondered rightly Diane Jones in West Seattle Blog.  Here is her answer.

The image above is just for representation and is credit to Gazette.One

 

Why Architectural Design is Most important in construction industry?

By dianejones, Participant

Architectural design is crucial in the construction industry for several reasons:

Functionality: Architectural design ensures that the building or structure is designed to serve its intended purpose effectively. It takes into account the needs and requirements of the users, incorporating various functional aspects such as spatial planning, circulation, and accessibility. A well-designed building enhances productivity, efficiency, and overall user experience.

Aesthetics: Architectural design adds visual appeal and beauty to a structure. It considers elements such as proportion, scale, balance, materials, colors, and textures to create a harmonious and visually pleasing environment. Aesthetically pleasing buildings not only enhance the quality of life for occupants but also contribute to the overall urban or rural landscape.

Safety and Structural Integrity: Architectural design plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and structural integrity of a building. It takes into account factors such as load-bearing capacity, structural systems, resistance to natural forces (e.g., earthquakes, wind), fire safety, and adherence to building codes and regulations. Proper architectural design minimizes the risks associated with structural failures, accidents, and disasters.

Sustainability: With growing concerns about environmental impact and resource conservation, architectural design plays a vital role in promoting sustainability in the construction industry. Designers consider strategies for energy efficiency, water conservation, use of eco-friendly materials, waste reduction, and integration of renewable energy systems. Sustainable architectural design minimizes the ecological footprint of a building and contributes to a greener future.

Economic Considerations: Architectural design influences the economic aspects of a construction project. Effective design can optimize the use of space, reduce construction costs, and improve operational efficiency. It takes into account factors such as lifecycle costs, maintenance requirements, and adaptability to future needs. Well-designed buildings have the potential to increase property value and attract occupants, contributing to long-term economic viability.

Cultural and Social Context: Architectural design is influenced by the cultural and social context in which it is situated. It takes into account local traditions, cultural values, and community needs. Architecture can reflect and reinforce cultural identity, provide spaces for social interaction, and contribute to the overall well-being of communities.

In summary, architectural design is essential in the construction industry because it ensures functionality, aesthetics, safety, sustainability, economic viability, and cultural relevance in the built environment. It integrates various considerations to create well-designed and meaningful spaces that positively impact individuals, communities, and the environment.

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Autodesk boss urges contractors to keep up with new tech

Jan 3, 2023

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A New Civil Engineer’s Innovative Thinker informs that Autodesk boss urges contractors to keep up with new tech.  Let us see.

The image above is of Autodesk Blog

 

Innovative Thinker | Autodesk boss urges contractors to keep up with new tech

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Contractors must keep up with technological advances to drive the industry forward, says Autodesk senior vice chairman Jim Lynch.

Globally, the built environment footprint is expected to double in size by 2060. For that to happen in line with net zero targets, technology is going to be critical to improving the way construction is carried out.

Jim Lynch, Vice President & General Manager, Autodesk Construction Solutions.

Autodesk senior vice chairman Jim Lynch puts it simply: “The industry has to find a better way to build and digital is going to play – and is already playing – a huge role in that.”

For technology to advance our construction techniques, digital literacy is going to be required in all practices and, ideally, through all phases of construction.

“The bare minimum is that contractors use digital technology on the job site for collaboration,” says Lynch.

“Ideally, they should use digital technology during the pre-construction process. Moving on from there they should use it to drive operations and maintenance, then take that project information from design out to a digital twin, where they can use that technology to provide management capabilities for the owner.”

To make this a reality, technology must be easy to deploy and adopt, according to Lynch. “If using and deploying technology is going to need weeks of training where you’re taking workers off the job, that’s not going to work,” he explains.

However, Lynch believes the onus is on contractors to invest more in improving their digital literacy if they are falling behind.

“You have to build up that digital muscle,” he says. “And I think, by and large, contractors really do understand that they have to take those first steps around collaboration, then extend those steps into using more digital during the planning process and then continue on from there.”

He believes that today’s contractors are embracing technology faster than ever, not only because of the competition, but also because of the expectations of clients and the government. He points to the UK’s Building Safety Act, which became law in April 2022, as a driver.

“That is really all about data; it is ensuring that owners, contractors and designers all play a role in making sure that digital information is created, captured and stored throughout the entire process.”

Lynch believes a big challenge is going to be attracting the workforce to build all the future projects – but that digital could play a part in drawing people in. “I think the use of digital technologies to drive better outcomes in construction will be intriguing to the younger generation,” he says.

“How to apply technology to the construction process, especially when you think about augmented reality and virtual reality applications, will drive a greater interest in the workforce.”

He adds that the industry has made great progress in its use of technology in recent decades. “But I think we’ve only scratched the surface,” he says. “I think the best is really yet to come.”

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